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HomeMy WebLinkAbout032106 Start Business An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 1 of 1 Welcome Future Entrepreneurs of Virginia Beach! ** IMPORTANT NOTICES ** 1. Please register your CD so we may contact you with any future software upgrades. Click here to Register your CD now> A new browser window will open. When completed, close the registration window. This window will remain open for you. 2. For this Software to function properly the following steps MUST be performed prior to the first time the CD is used! The software system included with this CD is new in design, and requires several systems of your computer to interact that normally function separately. If you did not access these steps on the previous page, please Click here now to perform these critical steps> Americans are by nature independent. Even before we became the United States of America and the Commonwealth of Virginia, individuals who settled here started businesses. Today, hundreds of years later, small businesses are the heart of the American - and the Virginian - economy. The American economic system, the number of opportunities in eastern Virginia, and the wealth of resources available to help small businesses, combine to make starting a business an achievable dream. If you are serious about starting a small business, this guide should get you started. It is designed to answer your questions and direct you to agencies and people who can further assist you. To make the most of this guide, view it on a computer with access to the Internet. If you do not have Internet access, you may visit your local library for free use of the Internet.The Central Library is located at: Central Library 4100 Virginia Beach Boulevard Virginia Beach, VA 23452 757-385-0150 Ready to Get Started? file:/ /D: \print_index.htm "'" 11"\11. 11""\""',-.. r An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach - Step One: Getting Started Research Research is for your business what the four food groups are for your body: it is fuel; it is nourishment; it is essential for health and growth. Before starting a business, the entrepreneur needs to prepare a business plan. Before preparing a business plan, the entrepreneur needs to do a little homework, otherwise known as research. Research provides the "what," "where," and "how much" that every business owner needs to know to be successful. Keep up with your homework, and the whole process of starting and running a business will go much more smoothly. Your research will also create the foundation for all financial projections that you will make related to your business. Do a thorough job conducting your research and you will create a sound foundation for your future financial projections and for the future health of your business. What? Where? How Much? The first thing an entrepreneur needs to determine before starting a business is: What Do I Want to Sell? (Return to top) If you have already decided what you are going to do, click here to skip this section. Look at your interests, your past experience, your skills. Make a list. For example, if you spend your weekends taking car engines apart and putting them back together, perhaps you could operate a successful auto repair shop. If your whole family raves about your cooking, you may want to consider opening a catering business. If you have a knack for creating beautiful flower arrangements, consider becoming a florist. If you need help coming up with ideas for your business, you may want to visit your local library. Ask the librarian for assistance in finding a helpful book or magazine. Here are some ideas for books: 201 Great Ideas for Your Small Business: Revised & Updated Edition, by Jane Applegate Turn Your Talents into Profits: 100+ Terrific Ideas for Starting Your Own Home-Based Microbusiness, by Darcie Sanders and Martha Bullen What Color is Your Parachute, by Richard Nelson Bolles The 100 Best Businesses for the 21st Century, by Gregg Ramsay and Lisa Rogak Here are some web sites that might help you come up with ideas for your small business: http://www.businessownersideacafe.com/ This website offers ideas, marketing, legal, business forms, free trade publications; business finance, coffee talks with experts and more. file:/ /D: \print_s tepone.htm Page 1 of 14 I") 'r<tll/l""'t^^f An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 2 of 14 http://www.businesstown.com/businessopps/newbiz.asp Lists small businesses you can start for under $1000.00 to $40,000.00 http://www.startupjournal.com/columnists/ Wallstreet Journal Center for Entrepreneurs - ideas, financing, franchises, business management and business news. http://www.entrepreneur.com - This is the web site for Entrepreneur magazine. http://www.sba.gov/library/pubs.html- This site will take you to the U.S. Small Business Administration's on-line reading room. Peruse this site for articles related to developing an idea for a business to start. http://www.sbomag.com - This is the web site for Small Business Opportunities magazine. The Next Step Once you know what you want to sell, the next step is finding out as much as you can about your chosen business. Skipping this step is like building a brick house without mortar. The research you complete here will help you determine sales and income projections, the size of your market, and facts about your competition. In the United States, all types of businesses are classified with a number. This classification system is called the North American Industry Classification System, or NAICS. Formerly it was known as the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The NAICS classifies 1,170 industries, of which 565 are service-based. It is very specific in its classification. For example, a search using the word "food" produced forty-three matches, ranging from "Food Service Contractors" (number 722310) to "Food Machinery Repair and Maintenance Services" (number 811310). Each match is broken down even further. Select "Food Service Contractors" and the classification is broken down into seven more specific categories ranging from "Airline Food Service Contractors" to "Industrial Caterers." For more information about NAICS codes, visit the Small Business Administration site's relevant pages: http://www.sba.gov/size/indexsize.html#Introd uction. To find out the classification number for your business, go to the U.s. Census Bureau's web site (http://www.census.gov/epcd/naics/framesrc.htm). You will be prompted to enter a word related to your business. For example, if you want to manufacture garden furniture, you could enter "garden." From the list of businesses with "garden" in the description, there are three related to "garden furniture." Once you know the NAICS number assigned to your business, you will be able to find out a lot of information about your specific industry. To find out more about your industry once you know your NAICS number, go to the part of the Census site that contains data from the economic census (http://www.census.gov/epcd/ec97/us/USOOO.HTM). On this page, you can find information such as the number of retail trade establishments in your area. At the top right-hand side of the page, there will be a drop-down box from which you can select a location in which you are interested. Then once the data appears, click on the arrow located on the far left in the row next to the category in which you are interested. Clicking this arrow will make your search more specific. Continue clicking the arrow until the industry you are interested in appears. Who Will my Customers Be? (Return to top) file:/ /D: \princs tepone.htm '2 1'1 () 10 ()()L An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 3 of 14 Once you know what product or service you want to sell, you will want to find out who will buy it. Years of experience may have given you an excellent idea of who your customers will be. For example, if you are opening a shop that sells designer wallpaper, you may know that your customers have higher incomes and own their own homes. If you don't really know who might be interested in what you are selling, do some homework. In both cases, once you have a general idea about your customers, you will want to find out their specific characteristics and where they can be found. Decide what you know. The first step of all research is to write down what you already know. So write down what you now know about your customer. The next step is to write down what you don't know. You know that the customers for your designer wallpaper shop have higher incomes and own their own homes. You don't know their age, their race, the neighborhoods they live in, their religion, their education level, etc. What might motivate them to buy your product? So make a list, and then find the answers to these questions. How? Determine what information is already available. Much of the information you seek is probably on-line, on this CD, in a book, in a magazine or in some other resource available through your local library. This information is called "secondary data." Industry and Employment projections for the City of Virginia Beach, provided by the Virginia Employment Comission, is available by clicking here. Demographic information about Virginia Beach residents may be accessed from the u.s. Census site by clicking here. For additional demographic information about Virginia Beach or another county or city, please check out this link provided by the U.S. Census: http://censtats.census.gov/cgi- bin/pct/pctProfile.pl. You may also go to the section of this CD titled "Local Information" to find specific information relating to the City of Virginia Beach and its residents. For other web sites that may lead you to the data you seek, check out "Helpful Links," which are included in a box near the bottom of this page. If the information you need is not currently available, you can gather it yourself. If you're opening a designer wallpaper shop, stop by the designer wallpaper shop in the neighboring town and see what its customers look like. Develop a brief survey and take it to an area of town where people who would purchase your product shop, live or congregate. Ask the questions on the survey to some of these people to gauge their interest in your shop. Offer coupons for a discount in your store (once it opens) if they answer the questions. You may also direct your survey questions to people on a random basis. For an example of a survey designed to gain information about your customers, click here. Surveys can be used to find out more than information about your customers. You can use them to help you price and market your product or service and to find out more about the competition, as well. For an example of a brief market survey, click here. Another way to increase your understanding of your potential customers is to form a "focus group." Gather together a small number of people whom you think may be interested in your business. Ask several open-ended questions and encourage a discussion. Take notes. The type of information you gather from this kind of research is known as "primary data." For more ideas on gathering primary data about your customers, visit: http://ollie.dcccd.edu/mrkt2370/Chapters/ch3/3prim. htm I Who Are my Competitors? (Return to top) file:/ /D: \print_stepone.htm 1/')Of')()()h An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Before deciding where to locate your business, you will want to find out about your competitors. Who are they? How many are they? Where are they located? Although there are exceptions, you probably will not want to locate your small business close to someone who would be in direct competition with you. Page 4 of 14 11II Your SllSln..$ 11II Competition 11 i 11II Competition #2 I ~ Competition #3 I 11II CM1petitlon#4 L,!~~petltioo #5 Finding out as much as possible about your competitors will help you in many ways. You may be able to avoid mistakes they made. You will gain information that will help you with decisions about where to locate your business, what to charge for your products or services, and ways to advertise your business. How do I find out about my competitors? If you have completed research about your industry and about your customers, you have already done some of the necessary homework for finding out about your competitors. Industry research will let you know, for instance, how many other businesses like yours are operating within your city or county. Customer research will guide you to where your potential customers are shopping and why. As part of your competitor research, you may want to ask potential customers survey questions geared to discover information about the competition. If they currently use products or services like yours, where are they buying them? What are they paying for them? What do they like and dislike about your competition? Once your industry and customer research enables you to identify your competitors, visit their web sites (if they have one). You can learn a lot from a visit to your competitors' web sites. For instance, they may have information about prices, services, locations and contact information. The look and features of the web site itself will give you an idea of your competitors' professionalism and possibly his or her resources as well. After visiting web sites, you may want to call your competitors directly to find out more about them. Ask the kinds of questions a customer would: questions about the prices they charge, the types of products and services they sell, turnaround time for service, etc. If your competitor has a shop, visit it for ideas about products and advertising. Another way to find out about your competitors is to talk to other business owners who have had dealings with them. What type of service did they provide? What were the pros and cons of working with them? Here are links to web sites that provide information about researching your competitors: http://www.usabilitynet.org/tools/competitoranalysis.htm http://www.robertwinton.com/competitor.htm Where Should I Locate my Business? (Return to top) Congratulations. If you have conducted research on your industry, your potential customers and your competitors, you have completed much of the homework you should do before deciding where to locate your business. For instance, if you find out from your file:/ /D: \print_stepone.htm 1/?QnOO" An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 5 of 14 research that your customers are only willing to travel fifteen miles out of their way to visit your shop, you will want to open it close to a neighborhood where many prospective customers live. If you are opening a donut shop, you will probably want to make sure you do not open on the same street as a nationally known donut shop. Additional things to consider when deciding on a location include taxes, laws and permits, roads and facilities, incentives that might be offered to new businesses, access to interstates, availability of warehousing, and complimentary businesses located nearby. For instance, a shop selling wedding dresses might do well located close to a bakery selling wedding cakes. Another consideration is the cost of operating in a certain area related to the benefit. For example, perhaps your business does not need to be located in a high-rent mall. Keep in mind alternative locations for businesses. And, of course, many choose to run their small businesses from home. If you decide to operate from home, make sure you will be able to meet any county and state regulations related to running your particular home-based business. Here are links to web sites that provide information about choosing a location for your business: http://www .uschamber.org/sb/sbresources.asp?p= p04/P04_1200.asp http://www . uschamber.org/sb/sbresources.asp?p= p04/P04_07 50.asp Virginiascan Commercial Real Estate Database http://virginiascan. yesvirginia .org/Site_Selection/PropertySearch .aspx How Do I Finance my Business? (Return to top) You have a great idea for your business and you have found the best place to locate it. You know who will buy your product or service and you know who your competitors are. But starting and running your business is going to take cash, possibly a lot of cash. Working capital, otherwise known as cash, is the oxygen that keeps your business breathing. Without enough working capital, your business's vital functions will fail. It won't be able to meet its daily requirements for living, such as purchasing supplies, paying rent, and paying salaries. In a word, before creating your business, make sure you will have enough money to keep it alive. The NX Level Guide for Business Start-ups (February 2002) states that inadequate capital is the most common reason given for the high failure rate of small businesses. Where are you going to find the funds to start and run your business successfully? There are several steps to take to ensure that your business will have enough capital to start and continue running. 1) Complete your Business Plan The Business Plan includes a section about Financial Matters. Within this section, you will tabulate financial data and projections related to your business. The Financial Plan portion of the Business Plan includes: a) Start-up Expenses; b) An Estimate of Future Sales; c) Estimated Cost of Units Sold; d) Fixed and Variable Expenses; file:/ /D: \print _ stepone .htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 6 of 14 e) Cash Flow Projections (very important); and f) A Break-Even Analysis. 2) Determine how much capital you will need to start your business and to keep it running. Based on the estimated projections contained within your Business Plan, you will be able to determine how much money you will need, both to start your business, and to keep it humming. 3) Determine how much cash you have available through personal sources that you are willing and able to use to fuel your business. (Personal sources include: savings accounts, insurance policies, stock and other investments, second mortgages, and donations from friends and relatives.) 4) Figure out how much money you will need for the business after you have contributed all of the personal funds that you are able and willing to contribute. 5) Find a source for the remaining needed funds. Other sources include: a. Debt. Debt is a loan made to you or your business. Sources of debt lending include banks, credit unions, federal lending programs and state financing programs. b. Equity. Equity is ownership rights and privileges in your business that you give away in return for capital. Businesses seeking this type of financing must become a Partnership, Corporation or Limited Liability Company. c. Alternative Funding. Alternative means of funding include: suppliers who provide concessions, such as extended payment periods and discounts; and grants. 6) Prepare a Written Financing Proposal. The Financing Proposal is used to secure loans and equity financing. Before preparing the Financing Proposal, complete the Financial Plan portion of the Business Plan. This section of the Business Plan will contain much of the information and data you will need for the Financing Proposal. The Financing Proposal contains the following: a) Cover Letter; b) Summary (contains the purpose of the financing, amount and terms requested, how the funds will be repaid, and collateral); c) Details on how the capital invested or loaned will be used; d) Details on Collateral (if seeking a secured debt); e) Information on the financial return for investors (if seeking equity financing); and f) Your prepared Business Plan (Financial data and projections are particularly important). If you follow the steps above, you will equip your business with the cash it needs to breathe, both at its creation, and into what will hopefully be a long life. For additional information on financing: http://www.sba.gov/financing/basics/basics.html(Small Business Administration) http://www.mymamasaid.com/save/article/106/ (Tips on Financing) http://www.dba.state.va.us/financing/ (Virginia Small Business Financing Authority) http://www.mycapsource.org/ (Capital Source) Innovative Bank (specializes in loans for small and mid-size businesses) file:/ /D: \princstepone.htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 7 of 14 http://www.redcfinance.org/ (The Richmond Economic Development Corporation) http://www.ccdi-va.net (Center for Community Development, Inc.) Programs and Incentives for Minority and Women-Owned Small Businesses (Return to top) Minority and women-owned small businesses face unique challenges. Fortunately, there are many programs geared to help them meet these challenges and succeed. What is a Minority Business Enterprise? The United States Small Business Administration (SBA) defines the demographic group that includes minorities as "socially disadvantaged" and defines that description within its web site as: "Socially disadvantaged individuals are those who have been subjected to racial or ethnic prejudice or cultural bias because of their identity as members of a group. Social disadvantage must stem from circumstances beyond their control. In the absence of evidence to the contrary, individuals who are members of the following designated groups are presumed to be socially disadvantaged: . Black Americans; . Hispanic Americans; . Native Americans (American Indians, Eskimos, Aleuts, and Native Hawaiians); . Asian Pacific Americans (persons with origins from Japan, China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Korea, Samoa, Guam, U.S. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Republic of Palau), Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Laos, Cambodia (Kampuchea), Taiwan; Burma, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Macao, Hong Kong, Fiji, Tonga, Kiribati, Tuvalu, or Nauru; Subcontinent Asian Americans (persons with origins from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, the Maldives Islands or Nepal); and . Members of other groups designated by the SBA." For more information about programs and resources for minority and women-owned businesses, please click here. The Business Plan You will be able to use much of the research you have completed when compiling and writing your business plan. The business plan is the blueprint or map for your business. Compare starting your business to going on a vacation. Your vacation will go much more smoothly with a plan. What week is best for the whole family to be away from home? Where do you want to go? How will you get there? Do you need a reservation? Will you have enough money for the trip? Without putting forethought into the trip, you might never leave your driveway. It's the same with starting a business. In order to have the best chance of a smooth and successful venture, do some homework, consisting of research, analysis and planning. A business plan greatly increases your odds of success. This CD is designed to make the creation of your business plan easier. If you would like to get started right now on your business plan, click here. Or continue reading if you would like to analyze the research you have just completed. I file:/ /D: \prinCstepone.htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Helpful ional, Vi inia and National (Return to top) Regional Links The City of Virginia Beach Department of Economic Development http://www.yesvirginiabeach.com Hampton Roads Economic Development Alliance http://www.hreda.com Hampton Roads Small Business Development http://www.hrsbdc.org SCORE (Counselors to America's Small Businesses) http://www.scorehr.org Tidewater Community College http://www.tcc.edu Virginia Links eVA: Virginia's business-to-government Web-based e-procurement tool http://www.eVA.state.va.us Hampton Roads Chamber of Commerce http://www.hamptonroadschamber.com Hampton Roads Partnership http://www.hrp.org Hampton Roads Technology Council http://www.hrtc.com Small Business Administration (Richmond District) http://www.sba.gov/va Statistical Resources for Virginia http://www.virginiaplaces.org/stats.html U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Mid-Atlantic Compliance Assistance http://epa.gov/region03/oecej/smallbiz.htm Virginia's Business Pipeline http://www.virginiabusiness.org Virginia Census Quick Facts http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/51000.html Virginia's Center for Innovative Technology http://www.cit.org file:/ /D: \print_s tepone.htm Page 8 of 14 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 9 of 14 Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services http://www.vdacs.state.va.us/index.html Virginia Department of Business Assistance http://www.dba.state.va.us/smdev / Virginia Department of Minority Business Enterprise http://www.dmbe.state.va.us/ Virginia Economic Development Partnership http://www.yesvirginia.org Virginia Hispanic Chamber of Commerce http://www.vahcc.com Virginia Secretary of Commerce and Trade http://www.commerce.virginia.gov/ National Links Government Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business (related to business activity) http://www.bea.doc.gov/bea/pubs.htm Equal Employment Opportunity Commission http://www.eeoc.gov/employers/smallbusinesses.html Export-Import Bank of the U.S. http://www.exim.gov / Federal Trade Commission http://www.ftc.gov / Franchise & Business Opportunities (Federal Trade Commission) http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/menu-fran.htm Legal and Regulatory Information for America's Businesses http://www.businesslaw.gov Minority Business Development Agency (U.S. Dept. of Commerce) http://www.mbda.gov/ The Official Business Link to the U.S. Goverment http://www.business.gov Small Business Administration http://www.sba.gov U.S. Copyright Office file:/ /D: \prinCstepone.htm 3/2912006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 10 of 14 http://www.copyright.gov U.S. Department of Census http://www.census.gov U.S. Department of Commerce http://www.commerce.gov / U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics http://stats.bls.gov / U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization http:// osdbuweb.dot.gov / U.S. Government Export Portal http://www.export.gov U.S. Government Web portal (information on small business development) http:// www.firstgov.gov/Business/Business_Development.shtml U.S. Patent and Trademark Office http://www.uspto.gov / Associations Edward Lowe Foundation (information for entrepreneurs) http://www.edwardlowe.org/ Entrepreneurs Organization http://www.eonetwork.org International Franchise Association http://www.franchise.org Latin Business Association http://www.lbausa.com/ National Association for the Self-Employed http://www.nase.org National Association of Home-Based Businesses http://www.usahomebusiness.com/ National Association of Small Business Investment Companies (financing) http://nasbic.org/ National Business Association (for small businesses) http://www.nationalbusiness.org/ National Association of Women Business Owners (NA WBO) http://www.nawbo.org file:/ /D: \prinCstepone.htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 11 of 14 National Federation of Independent Business http://www.nfib.com/cgi-bi n/ N FIB.d II / Publ ic/ SiteNavigation/ home.jsp Service Corps of Retired Executives http://www.score.org Small Business Advancement National Center http://www.sbaer.uca.edu/ The International Center for Assistance, Inc. (ICFA) http://www.innovativebank.com U.S. Chamber of Commerce http://www.uschamber.org/default Working Today (advocate for home-based businesses) http://www.workingtoday.org/ Commercial Dunn & Bradstreet http://www.dnb.com Free Advice.com (Business law) http://business-Iaw.freeadvice.com/ International Wealth Success, Inc. (information on financing) http://www.iwsmoney.com/ The Business Search Engine http://www.business.com/ The World Wide Web Chamber of Commerce (site for Internet businesses) http://www.webchamber.com/ Thomas Register (Company Profiles) http://www.thomasregister.com/ Vantis Numerica (Information for International Entrepreneurs http://www.vantisnumerica.com Welcome Business USA (Resources for Entrepreneurs) http://www.welcomebusiness.com/ Training Links Center for Entrepreneurial Development at the Community College Workforce Alliance, Verizon Entrepreneurial Resource Center, AdvanTech, 501 E. Franklin St., Richmond, VA 23219; (804)521-4320; e-mail: businessinfo@ccwa.vccs.edu http://www.CCWAsmallbusiness.com file:/ /D: \prinCstepone.htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 12 of 14 American Business Women's Association http://www.abwahq.org Center for Innovative Technology http://www.cit.org/calendar.asp Small Business Administration (on-line training) http://www.sba.gov /training/ Small Business Administration (Richmond District) http://www.sba.gov/va/ Tidewater Community College http://www.tcc.edu U.S. Department of Labor http://www.doleta.gov/ Virginia Department of Business Assistance http://www.dba.state.va.us/ Your final Decision: Analyzing the facts (Return to top) If the word "Analysis" makes you shudder and recall hated classes in science or math: relax. Analysis is just a way to make sense out of research. Analysis helps you figure out the answers to the questions you had when you started your research. Your Business Decision Look at the list of things you wrote down before you started your research. If you were uncertain about the type of business you wanted to operate, start with your list of questions. Now look at what you wrote down about your skills, interests and past experience. Compare your personal expertise and passion to information you gathered about different industries and opportunities. By comparing your questions (what you didn't know) to the answers (information you gathered during the research process), you should be able to come up with a viable business that you would be both interested in starting and qualified to start. Your Customers By looking at the secondary data and primary data (if needed) that you collected about your potential customers, you will be able to get a clear idea of who will be interested in buying your product or service. Knowing your customers will help you decide if your business idea will work because you will know if you have enough buyers to be profitable. Knowing your customers will also help you later when you put together a marketing plan for your business. Click here to access a brief form. Once you fill it out, you should know exactly who your customers will be. Your Competitors The information you gathered on your competitors is invaluable. From it, you can find ideas file:/ /D: \prinCs tepone.htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 13 of 14 about what you should charge for your product or service, how you should market your business, where you should locate your business, any area not addressed by the competition in which you could specialize, and if the competition is too fierce in your industry. If you decide that your industry is already choked with competitors, try to come up with a niche or specialty, or start the research process again, choosing a different business. Click here to access a brief form; it should help you put your research and thoughts together about your competition. Your Business Location Again, your research should direct this decision. After completing your research, you will know where your competitors are located; the cost versus the benefit of operating in different locations; and any rules, regulations and incentives for locating in a certain area. Armed with this knowledge, you can evaluate the pros and cons of different areas, and decide where to locate your business. What is my Business Objective? Once you have found answers to your questions and studied your answers, you are ready to set your business objective. Your objective is what you want to achieve. It is a mission statement. For example, if you want to start a house cleaning business, your objective might be to "offer affordable, reliable, high-quality cleaning services to families in the City of Virginia Beach." From a main objective, you can then decide on short and long term goals for your business, and the strategies you will use to reach them. Setting and reaching these goals will be covered in the Marketing section of the Business Plan you will write. A Word About Marketing After researching your industry, setting a business objective, choosing a location, and finding out who your customers and competitors are, you are ready to do some preliminary marketing analysis. A first step in determining how to market your business is to prepare a SWOT Analysis. SWOT stands for "Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats." Based on your research, you should be able to list the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that apply to your business. Armed with this list, you will be better equipped to position your product or service in the marketplace. "Positioning" your product or service means finding the right way to promote it, package it, price it, and place (where to sell and distribute) it. A SWOT analysis is similar to making a list of pros and cons before making a big decision. Sample SWOT Analysis Jane Taylor is opening a pet-sitting service. After she prepares a SWOT analysis. Strengths Weaknesses her research, *20-years of experience volunteering with animal rescue groups; *strong references Opportunities *No experience in accounting, computers or other skills needed to run a business Threats *People work long hours & travel & need a reliable person to take care of *The county in which she lives already has two pet-sitting services, both file:/ /D: \princstepone.htm 3/2912006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach their pets while they're away. Ifocused on the care of dogs and cats. Analysis: Jane decides to market her pet-sitting service in a county adjacent to the one in which she lives because the two most popular pet-sitting services in the region do not operate there. Because many people in this county commute 45-minutes each way to Richmond to work, she believes they will need someone to give their dogs a break while they are working. Jane also decides to expand her business and offer care for horses, as well as house pets, since many of the residents in this rural county own horses. Finally, she decides to hire a part-time bookkeeper to maintain the business's records, so that she can focus on what she loves: taking care of animals. To complete your own SWOT analysis, click here. Conclusion Page 14 of 14 Analyzing the research data you collected will help you make decisions. If you wanted to build a house, you would first think about the type of house in which you would like to live; you would research neighborhoods and land prices; you would talk to architects and contractors. You would do your homework. If you didn't, you would end up like the pig who built the house out of straw. You would soon be homeless. Do your homework when building a business: finish your research and analyze your findings. Your business will then have a sound foundation. On this foundation, you can build the sturdy walls of a sound financial plan to hold it together and the reliable roof of good marketing to protect it from the elements. Then the wind and rain of competition, changing consumer demands, and improper planning will not blow it to pieces. ........................................ Return to top Go to next section: Step Two, Operating a Business file:/ /D: \princstepone.htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 1 of 6 Step Two: Operating a Business Business Structure Starting a new business requires making many decisions. A business owner is, by default, a decision-maker. Fortunately, resources at the local, state and federal levels abound to assist you with decisions related to starting and running your new business. Decision: Business Organization Once you know the type of business you wish to operate, you will need to decide on its organization. Will it be a sole proprietorship, a partnership, a corporation, or a limited liability corporation? Perhaps these choices sound confusing, but once you understand the pros and cons of each, your decision should be easy to make. The Different Types of Business Ownership Sole Proprietorship (return to top) Forming a sole proprietorship is the easiest way to start a business. In most cases, the only step required is filling out a few simple forms. You will want to register the business with your local government and conduct a search of your company's name to make sure there are no other companies operating with the same name in your jurisdiction. A very small fee is usually required for this service. For more information about what to bring with you when you come into the Commissioner of Revenue Office to apply for your business license, please click here. To find out more about forming your sole proprietorship, contact the Virginia Beach Department of Economic Development. You may reach them bye-mail at ecdev@vbgov.com or by phone at (757) 385-6459. The Virginia Beach Department of Economic Development web site is: http://yesvirginiabeach.com. Sole Proprietorship Pros and Cons Pros. The biggest advantages to a sole proprietorship are: 1) It is an easy way to start your business; 2) It is an inexpensive way to start your business. Con. The biggest disadvantage to a sole proprietorship is: The business owner (YOU) is personally liable for the business. This means that if a disgruntled customer sued you, you could potentially lose your personal belongings, like your house. For additional information on starting a sole proprietorship: http://www.nolo.com/lawcenter/ency/article.cfm/objectID/3FD 19141-DB91-4FCA- BDB93416A4D05479 file:/ /D: \prinCsteptwo.htm 3/2912006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 2 of 6 http://www.mycorporation.com/Solprop.htm Partnerships (Return to Top) A business partnership is created when two or more persons agree, in person or in writing, to start a business. To form a partnership, you will need to fill out the same business license forms as those required for the sole proprietorship. The two main types of partnerships are: General and Limited. General Partnership A general partnership is the easiest type of partnership to form. The only step required is that you file to protect your trade name. This will prevent another business start-up from using the name you have chosen. The Virginia Beach Department of Economic Development can provide more information. One additional step which you may wish to take if forming a general partnership is preparing and signing a partnership agreement. Partnership forms should be prepared by your attorney. For your convenience, a sample of a partnership form is included with this CD and may be accessed by clicking here. The biggest disadvantage to a General Partnership is that each partner is liable for the whole business. To explain this, here is an example: You and your friend Joe Smith form a business called Water Works that sells custom- made plumbing fixtures. Unfortunately, Joe uses money set aside for the business to fund his vacation in Florida. A month later, Water Works folds, but it owes its creditors thousands of dollars. Joe is unable to provide any funds, so guess who is responsible for these debts? You are. Even though the business is a partnership, if your partner(s) turns out to be a deadbeat, you will be responsible for not half, but all, of the liabilities. You are also responsible for any poor business decisions Joe may have made. Compare it to a marriage. If your spouse buys a house in an unsafe neighborhood while you are away on business, you are just as responsible for the house payments as your spouse is, even though it wasn't your decision to buy the house. Limited Partnership A Limited Partnership is similar to the general partnership, with several major exceptions. There are two actual classes of partners that make up the partnership: General Partners and Limited Partners. General Partners have the same pros and cons as in a general partnership above; however, each Limited Partner in a limited partnership is only liable to the extent of his or her individual investment. Limited Partners have no say in the day-to- day operations of the company; the General Partners actually manage the company. In essence, a limited partner is an investor. In the case of the Water Works example above, a limited partner's loss would only amount to the investment made in the company. The company might fold due to one of the general partner's poor decisions, but a limited partner would not have to bear financial losses above what was initially invested in the business. However, general partners (those that manage day-to-day operations) may have the same liabilities as under a general partnership. file:/ /D: \prinC steptwo .htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 3 of 6 A limited partnership is a bit more complicated to start than a general partnership. In addition to registering your trade name to protect it, you must file a Certificate of Limited Partnership with the Virginia State Corporation Commission (http://www.state.va.us/scc/). Various forms related to partnerships may be accessed via the State Corporation Commission site at: http://www.scc.virginia.gov/division/c1k/fee_domfor_part.htm Forms related to Limited Partnerships are available via the State Corporation Commission site at: http://www.scc.virginia.gov/division/c1k/fee_dom_lp.htm Partnership Pros and Cons Pro. The largest advantages of the partnership are that it is relatively simple to start a business this way, and it allows the business to benefit from a combination of talents. Another advantage, in the case of a limited partnership, is that each limited partner is only liable to the extent of his or her individual investment. Con. The largest disadvantage with a general partnership is that you are personally responsible for more than half of the business' losses, if it incurs losses. And you are also responsible for your partner's business decisions, even if they are bad decisions. Also, as in the case of the sole proprietorship, with a partnership, you and your partner are not protected from liability related to the business. For instance, if an unhappy customer sued you, you could lose personal belongings, like your car. For additional information on business partnerships: Partnership FAQ (on the NOLO web site) Corporations (Return to Top) A corporation is a legal entity that is separate from the people who own it. Shareholders govern the corporation indirectly by electing people to manage it. Forming a corporation is somewhat complicated, and you may want to enlist the assistance of an attorney if you choose to organize your business this way. To form a corporation requires filing Articles of Incorporation with the State Corporation Commission (http://www.state.va.us/scc/index.html)andpayingfilingfeesandotherinitialfees.To access a copy of the Articles of Incorporation form, click here. In addition, a corporation, once formed, must comply with several formalities, such as holding regular meetings and maintaining explicit records. Also, to form a corporation, you will need to fill out the same business license forms as those required for the sole proprietorship. There are several different types of corporations: C Corporation file:/ /D: \prinCsteptwo. htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 4 of 6 This is the most common form of incorporation for America's largest companies. The letter "C" simply refers to a subchapter of the IRS for corporate tax purposes. The separate nature of the C Corporation creates advantages and disadvantages. Since the C Corporation is separate from its owners, also known as shareholders, the owners may be taxed twice for any profits. That is, the corporation pays taxes on its profits. Then the corporation distributes the profits to the shareholders in the form of dividends. The shareholders then pay taxes on these dividends. This is known as double taxation and is considered a disadvantage of forming a business this way. Pending legislation, however, may change this form of double taxation. Be sure to check with your accountant. An advantage is that the shareholders are only responsible for the company up to the amount of their personal investment. They may lose all of their stock in a corporation if it goes belly-up, but they will not lose their homes or other personal belongings. S Corporation The S Corporation shares much in common with the C Corporation. Like the C Corporation, it is owned by shareholders who do not bear personal liability for the losses of the corporation. Also, the same filing requirements and formal rules apply to both types of corporations. There are several differences between the two types of corporations, however. A major difference and an advantage of the S Corporation is that its shareholders will not be taxed twice for the company's profits. All profits are passed through to the shareholders' individual income tax statements. Another difference is that the S Corporation cannot have more than 75 shareholders, while the C Corporation can have an unlimited number of shareholders. For this reason, larger corporations are C Corporations. Other Types of Corporations There are several other types of corporations, including: professional corporations (operated by licensed professionals, such as doctors and lawyers), nonprofit corporations, and cooperatives. Corporation Pros and Cons Pro: An advantage is that the corporation is a separate legal entity from the individual(s) owning it. This means that if someone sues the corporation, shareholders are only liable for the corporation up to the amount of stock they own. Con: A disadvantage is that it may be more complicated and more expensive to start a business this way. There are ongoing regulations to abide by and fees to maintain when you run a corporation. For more information on corporations, consult the State Corporation Commission (SCC) web site: http://www.state.va.us/scc/index.html. Or contact the SCC by phone at 804- 371-9967 (in Richmond) or toll-free from other parts of Virginia at 1-800-552-7945. file:/ /D: \prinCs teptwo. htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 5 of 6 Additional forms related to corporations may be accessed on the State Corporation Commission web site at: http://www.scc.virginia.gov/division/c1k/fee_dom_corp.htm Additional web sites offering information on corporations: http://www.state.va.us/scc/division/c1k/index.htm#faq (Office of the Clerk, State Corporation Commission-frequently asked questions) NOLO Law Centers (Information on Corporations) Limited Liability Company (Return to Top) A Limited Liability Company (LLC) is not a corporation. It is a distinct form of business ownership that combines features of the corporation with features of the partnership or sole proprietorship. Forming an LLC is similar to forming a corporation. Articles of organization must be prepared and filed and fees must be paid. You may wish to consult an attorney if you choose to form an LLC. An LLC is like a corporation in that it provides liability protection for its owners. It is like a sole proprietorship, partnership or S Corporation in that it protects its owners from double taxation: profits are accounted for on the individual owner(s)' income tax returns. The LLC owners may choose to operate the LLC like a corporation, and elect managers to run it, or they may choose to operate like a partnership and manage the company themselves. A single person may also operate an LLC. Articles of Incorporation for a Domestic Limited Liability Company (in Word format) may be downloaded from this CD by clicking here. If you prefer pdf format of this document, click here. Additional forms related to LLC's may be accessed on the State Corporation Commission web site at: http://www.scc.virginia.gov/division/c1k/fee_dom_"c.htm. Also, to form an LLC, you will need to fill out the same business license forms as those required for the sole proprietorship. For additional information on LLCs, visit the NOLO Law Center's web site, LLC FAQ. LLC Pros and Cons Pro. The owner(s)' liability is limited. Con. It is somewhat complex and expensive to form an LLC. Return to top Go to next section: Requirements file:/ /D: \prinCsteptwo. htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 6 of 6 file:/ /D: \print_steptwo.htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 1 of 3 Step Two: Operating a Business Requirements Local Requirements Starting a business is easier than you might think. In the case of a sole proprietorship or general partnership, simply register your business and its trade name and you are in business. You may access the Virginia Beach business license form here. Before registering your business, however, you will need to ensure that the name you have chosen is not currently registered. To request information on a specific company name, you may fill out a Business License Information Request Form and submit it to the Virginia Beach Commissioner of Revenue, City Hall, Virginia Beach, VA 23456-9002. Please contact the Commissioner of Revenue at (757) 427-4251 with any additional questions. The City of Virginia Beach also has specific requirements for certain businesses. For instance, fire code permits are required for some businesses. A copy of the fire code permit application is attached here. At the bottom of the application, you will see a list of the occupations and operations which must have a fire code permit. For more information, please contact the Virginia Beach Department of Economic Development. Forms related to local requirements for specific types of businesses are maintained on the Virginia Beach Commissioner of Revenue site, and may be accessed by clicking this link. This site also contains tax schedules and other relevant information for new businesses. For tax rates and due dates, click here. New business owners should be aware that their business location will have to be approved by the Virginia Beach Zoning Department. This includes home-based businesses. To reference the city code section related to zoning requirements, go to www.vbgov.com/dept/planning/ordinances. For additional information about zoning, please go to: http://www.vbgov.com/dept/planning/zoning/. Additional information for new businesses (including information about building permits and inspections and new construction) may be viewed on the Virginia Beach web site at: http://www.vbgov.com/business/ . If you have any questions about the business license procedure, call the Virginia Beach Department of Economic Development at (757) 385-6459. Local Tax Requirements As your business grows, so will the requirements. As you make money, you pay taxes. Each county and city within Virginia receives 1% of the 5% retail sales tax levied on retail sales within Virginia. To assist you with local tax requirements, the following information from the Virginia Beach Commissioner of Revenue web site is included: "Revenue Agents and Investigators of the Commissioner of the Revenue interview all file://D:\orint requirements.htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 2 of 3 applicants for a business license. Tax rates are set by City Council and vary by industrial classification. All business entities are classified by industry type. When a new business applies for a license with the Commissioner's office, an application is completed for any other applicable tangible property or trustee taxes. If any of the original application information changes, notification is required. Some manufacturing, farm and non-profit entities may qualify as tax exempt, but all enterprises must register with the Commissioner of the Revenue. "Some organizations that host an event that lasts no longer than 72 hours and occurs no more than three times a year may be exempt from certain taxes. Events of this kind are still required to register and are referred to as Community Events. "The treasurer collects all trustee tax payments. Please refer to the Virginia Beach Treasurer's office for more information." Business tax due dates are posted on the Virginia Beach Commissioner of Revenue web site at: http://www.vbgov.com/dept/cor/taxes/0.1937.9891.00.html. Business Property tax rates and due dates are posted at: http://www.vbgov.com/dept/cor/business_revenue/0.1759.9798.00.html. The trustee tax rates and due dates may be viewed at: http://www.vbgov.com/dept/cor/business_revenue/0.1759.9831.00.html. The combined state and local tax rate schedule is attached here. Commonwealth of Virginia Requirements (return to top) If your business is a corporation, a limited liability company or a limited partnership, you must register it with the Virginia State Corporation Commission (SCC). The type of registration form you use will depend on the type of business you are starting. The Virginia State Corporation Commission maintains registration forms on-line. To access them, please go to: http://www.state.va.us/scc/division/clk/fee_bus.htm . If you do not have access to the Internet, you may obtain information about the required see forms, by calling: (804)371-9733 (Richmond), or toll-free 1-866-722-2551 (Virginia only). For more information about the Virginia State Corporation Commission, you may view its home page at: http://www.state.va.us/scc/ Other Virginia requirements deal with issues related to taxes, employees and specific industry regulations, including health and safety issues. For Virginia's requirements related to taxes and employees, click here to go to that particular section on this CD. For information related to specific industry requirements, please consult the Virginia Department of Business Assistance (DBA) web site. This site contains a guide to licenses and permits within Virginia. It provides a listing by business type or activity and also by agency. Click here to go to this page (http://www.dba.state.va.us/licenses/). If you do not have Internet access, you may contact the DBA at (804) 371-8200. Federal Requirements (return to top) file:/ /D: \princrequirements.htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 3 of 3 Similar to many of the Commonwealth of Virginia requirements, many of the Federal requirements for small businesses relate to taxes and employment. For information on federal requirements related to taxes and employees, you may click here to go to that particular section on this CD. Other Federal requirements for businesses deal with environmental issues. For information on Federal environmental requirements, please consult the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Small Business Gateway at: http://www.epa.gov/smallbusiness/ or you may address your questions to the Small Business Ombudsman at 1-800-368-5888, j}. As a small business owner, you should ..Ju€.lware that, depending on what type of business you own, you may have to abide JY health and safety requirements. For federal requirements dealing with healtQ a d safety, review the U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Health & Safety Adrrilrwktration's (OSHA) web site at: http://www . osha. gov. In addition, federal law requires that certain specialized businesses obtain and maintain licenses. The following types of businesses require a federal license: . Meat processors, drugs (required by the FDA, http://www.fda.gov); . Interstate delivery people (required by the Department of Transporation, Federal Highway Administration, http://www.fhwa.dot.gov); . Investment services (required by the SEC, http://www.sec.gov); . Radio and TV stations (required by the FCC, http://www.fcc.gov); . Tobacco products, alcohol, firearms (required by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, http://www.atf.treas.gov); and . Export licenses (required by the Bureau of Export Administration, http://www . bxa.doc.gov). Information about federal permits may be found at: http://business- law.freeadvice.com/permits.htm. Laws change, so if you are in doubt as to whether a special federal license is required for your business, consult an expert. Please address any questions about requirements that you still may have to the Virginia Beach Department of Economic Development at (757) 385-6464 or consult one of the contacts listed on the Help Page. Return to Top Go to next section: Employees filp'/Il)'\nrint rp:mlirements.htm 3/29/2006 " An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 1 of 13 - Step Two: Operating a Business Managing Employees: The Basics Unless you plan to run your business by yourself or with one or more partner(s), you will have to manage employees. If your business depends on its employees to thrive, remember these two rules: 1) Hire smart, capable people; and 2) Retain the smart, capable people you hire. Hiring Smart, Capable People Different people are suited for different types of occupations. If you need a mechanic for your auto repair shop, you will look for someone with different skills and interests than the CPA who is looking for an accountant to help with her tax preparation business. Write a complete job description of the position you want to fill. Thinking about and writing down the specific skills and attitudes needed to complete the job at hand will help you find the right person. Once you have your job description, you are better equipped to both find and hire your new employee. You may already have the perfect person in mind or be able to fill your opening from a personal reference. If not, there are many ways to advertise for employees, including trade journals relevant to your field; Internet sites; and, of course, the help wanted section of your local newspaper. The method you choose will depend on the position you are filling. For instance, placing a "help wanted" poster in the window of your coffee shop may be all you need to do to get qualified applicants for the open counter position, but this method will probably not work if you are trying to hire a computer programmer. For information on hiring: http://www.businesstown.com/hi ring/h iring-top.asp http://www.businesstown.com/h iring/hiring-advice.asp After completing the job description and finding one or more qualified applicants, the next step is making a job offer and hiring someone. You will probably want to interview your applicant(s). You may have a good idea of the applicant's skills and experience based on his or her application or resume. The interview will provide you an opportunity to get to know the person's personality and level of enthusiasm. Do you click with your applicant? Personality and attitude are important factors to consider. You want to hire someone with whom you get along and who will function well in the position. For instance, someone with a friendly, outgoing demeanor would probably do well in a customer service position, whereas, an introverted person may perform well in a position as a bookkeeper. For sample interview questions, click here. The following table (from NOLO.com) gives information on questions that can and cannot be legally asked during a job interview. Please note that these questions are not necessarily all-inclusive. file://D:\orint emoloyees.htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 2 of 13 Subject lawful Inquiry Unlawful Inquiry Are you 18 years of age or older? (To Age determine if the applicant is legally How old are you? old enough to perform the job) Is your spouse employed by this Marital status employer? (If your company has a Are you married? nepotism policy) Are you legally authorized to work in Are you a native-born citizen Citizenship the United States on a full-time of the United States? Where basis? are you from? These [provide applicant with list] are Do you have any physical Disability the essential functions of the job. disabilities that would prevent How would you perform them? you from doing this job? Drug and Do you currently use illegal drugs? Have you ever been addicted alcohol use to drugs? For further information on interviewing: http://www.entrepreneur.com/amex/article/O.5742.303589.00.html http://www.babyshopmagazine.com/faIIOO/hourly.htm After the interview, always follow through and check references. It is a good practice to enhance your check of references with a background check. A background check is especially important for positions in security and law enforcement, health care, child care, and for positions that involve visits to customers' homes or offices or where sensitive information will be handled. Be aware, however, that there are legal guidelines to follow when conducting background checks. There are private companies who can conduct an affordable background check for you. Conduct an on-line search using the phrase "employee background checks" to find links to companies which do this type of work. Or look in your local yellow pages. Remember to check references of the company that you hire to do your background check! For additional information on conducting background checks: http://www.privacyrights.org/fs/fs16-bck.htm Keeping the Smart, Capable People you Hire from Quitting Once you have a great employee working with your business, treat her or him as you would a great customer. Everyone is different, of course, and has different career goals and requirements; but, in general, your employees will want to be compensated, motivated and rewarded. Compensation is the combined package of salary and benefits, including health insurance and time off. Be stingy with a good employee and it may end up costing you much more than the compensation would, both financially and in terms of the hassle- file:/ /D: \print_ employees .htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 3 of 13 factor involved in finding and training a new person when your prized employee leaves for greener fields. Motivating your employees will require finding out more about them, since different people are motivated by different things. Reviews provide a good forum for discussing issues such as motivation with your employees. They are also important for accountability and legal backup purposes. Keep records of your employees' performance, including documentation of any needed discipline or reprimanding. Some people may need autonomy and control over a project in order to feel motivated. Others may require a certain type of work environment or an opportunity to take classes or receive training. Find out what motivates your employees and make sure you provide it for them. Rewards are the good grades of the business world. Provide rewards, such as a share in profits or even something as simple as verbal recognition, to high achievers. Let them know they are doing a great job. Rewards help keep morale high. For more tips on retaining employees: http://www.zeromillion.com/business/employee-motivate.html http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/0.4621.301301.00.html Employment Termination If you take the time to interview your potential employees and check their references, you will hopefully hire a great and loyal employee and never have to go through the rough job of firing someone. But what do you do if the person you hire steals from your business, is rude to your customers, is unreliable, or is not getting the job done? For some offenses, such as stealing, immediate dismissal might be the best solution. In other cases, you may not need to fire someone, but just provide additional training or other assistance. For instance, perhaps an employee clearly is trying to do a good job, but is making mistakes. More training may be all it takes to turn this employee into a loyal and capable addition to your staff. In other cases, you may wish to give a series of warnings to an employee who acts in an inappropriate way to give her a chance to change before taking the drastic measure of firing her. For instance, perhaps you have a policy that your employees always show up on time for work. If someone is perpetually late, you could start with a verbal warning. If the poor attendance continues, you could follow the verbal warning with one or two written warnings. Finally, as a last resort, you may decide to fire the employee. Sometimes you may have an employee who breaks a rule (such as showing up on time), but does an exceptional job. In this case, you may wish to overlook a rule. The product, in this case, the work completed, may be more important to your business than the process, in this case, the time in which the employee comes in to work. Remember that people have different personalities and different requirements for a work environment in which they can perform at their best. Another idea is to discuss with your employee reasons for his or her misconduct. In the case of the employee who is late, maybe the employee has another obligation, such as getting a child to day care or school. You may be able to work out an adjustment in your employee's schedule. An employee with less stress and who feels that you are on his or her side will be more likely to work hard and remain loyal to you. file:/ /D: \print_ employees .htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 4 of 13 If all remedies fail and you do have to fire someone, there is no easy way around it. One way to fire an employee is to call the employee into your office or another private work area. Explain the reasons why you are letting him go. Point out the series of warnings that you offered, and give details on how a final paycheck will be made. Give the employee a letter of termination which you prepared ahead of time. Above all, make sure you are abiding by all legal requirements related to firing someone. If possible, try to end the meeting on a friendly note, with a handshake and a wish for luck. Letting Someone Go when They are Doing a Great Job Sometimes you may have to let a great employee go due to budgetary concerns. In this case, it will be in your and your employee's best interest to keep relations between you as excellent as possible. Providing an employee you must layoff with advance notice, a severance package and assistance in finding other work are three ways to help keep your relationship with your employee on positive footing. These steps will help your employee and they will help you maintain a positive image in the community. Also, if you need your former employee's assistance later, he or she will be more likely to help you. As with firing someone, if you must lay someone off, be sure to follow all legal requirements. Additional information on firing someone: NOLO: FAQ about Firing Someone Managing Employees: Government Regulations and Taxes (return to top) An important part of managing your employees* will take place behind the scene. Make sure you take care of all tax and regulatory requirements related to your employees to keep the engine of your business humming. These requirements exist at the federal, state and local levels. It is very important to follow all laws regarding employees. A form is included at the end of this section to help you keep track of your decisions related to employees. Consult with an attorney, as needed. Federal Requirements General Federal Regulations Employer Identification Number (EIN) The Employer Identification Number, or EIN, identifies the business to the Internal Revenue Service and the Social Security Administration. It will appear on all business tax returns and all tax correspondence related to your business. Although sole proprietorships with no employees may not need an EIN, the Commonwealth of Virginia encourages all businesses to use one since the EIN is often used by state and local agencies as a means of cross-referencing businesses. If you answer yes to any of the following questions, you will need an EIN: . Do you have employees? . Do you operate your business as a corporation or a partnership? file://D:\nrint emolovees.htm 3/2912006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 5 of 13 . Do you file any of these tax returns: Employment; Excise; or Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms? . Do you withhold taxes on income, other than wages, paid to a non-resident alien? . Do you have a Keogh plan? . Are you involved with any of the following types of organizations: o Trusts, except certain grantor-owned revocable trusts, IRAs, Exempt Organization Business Income Tax Returns; o Estates; o Real estate mortgage investment conduits; o Non-profit organizations; o Farmers' cooperatives; or o Plan administrators. To apply for an EIN, fill out IRS Form SS-4. Application may be made by phone, fax, mail or on-line. For more information on applying for the EIN, visit the IRS web site: http://www.irs.gov/businesses/small/article/0..id=97860.00.html. Or you may reach them by phone at (800) 829-1040. Employee Eligibility Verification The U.S. Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service requires all employers to complete an Employee Eligibility Verification Form (Form I-9) for each employee hired. This form provides proof that the employee is eligible to work in the United States. With increased fears about terrorism, this form has become more important in recent months. To access a copy of the Form I-9 in pdf format, click here. Information on Employee Eligibility Requirements and the form I-9 is available on the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services web site: http://uscis.gov/graphics/formsfee/forms/i-9.htm. If you do not have access to the Internet, you may call 1 (800) 870-3676 to have the form mailed to you. Required Posters Federal regulations require that companies with employees must post certain posters in a conspicuous place so that their employees may read them. Four required posters are listed below. For additional information about these posters or to obtain information about other posters that certain employers may be required to display, you may view the Department of Labor web site at: http://www.dol.gov/osbp/sbrefa/poster/main.htm. Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) Minimum Wage Poster Employers subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act's minimum wage provisions must display, and keep displayed, in a conspicuous place a notice related to minimum wage. An approved copy of this poster is included on this CD, and may be accessed by clicking here. Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) Poster Employers must post, and keep posted, a poster summarizing the major provisions of The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) and telling employees how to file a complaint. An approved copy of this poster is included on this CD, and may be accessed by clicking here. fi 1e://D:\mint emolovees.htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 6 of 13 Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Poster Employers covered by the non-discrimation and EEO laws are required to display the poster "Equal Employment Opportunity is the Law" in a prominent place. This poster gives information about laws and procedures for filing complaints of violations of the laws with the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP). An approved copy of this poster is included on this CD, and may be accessed by clicking here. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Poster Employers must display the OSHA poster in a prominent place where all employees may read it. This poster gives information about the rights of employees to a safe and healthy workplace. An approved copy of this poster is included on this CD, and may be accessed by clicking here. Federal Tax Requirements (Note: The forms included in this section are current as of 2005. You may check for changes to any of the forms on the Internal Revenue Service web site at http://www.irs.gov.) There are three different federal tax requirements for employers: Income Tax Social Security and Medicare (FICA) Federal Unemployment Tax (FUTA) Income Tax Employers must withhold income tax from each employee's paycheck throughout the year. The amount withheld will vary based on pay rate, marital status, and exemptions. Each employee must fill out an IRS W-4 form before they begin employment. In return, employers must send an IRS W-2 form to each employee showing payments and withholdings no later than January 31 of each following year. By February 28, employers must furnish the Social Security Administration with copies of all of their employees' W- 2 forms, as well as the IRS Form W-3 (Summary and Transmittal Form). The Social Security Administration submits the data to the IRS. The table you use to compute how much tax to withhold is on page 34 of IRS Publication 15, Circular E, Employer's Tax Guide (Revised January 2005). Employers deposit the withheld tax either monthly, or semiweekly according to the total payroll amount, and submit it using Form 941. "Form 941 Deposit Due Date. If you are a new employer and have never filed 941 forms, you are a Monthly Schedule Depositor for the first calendar year of your business unless you are a special exception to the rule. Monthly Schedule Depositors should deposit taxes from all of their paydays in a month by the 15th of the next month, even if they pay wages every week. "Employers with prior payrolls and taxes of $1,000 or more per quarter must determine if they make either Monthly Schedule Deposits, or Semiweekly Schedule Deposits. This determination is based on your Form 941 taxes during a four quarter Lookback Period." (Source: IRS web site.) file:/ /D: \print_ employees. htm 3/2912006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 7 of 13 IRS Publication 15, Circular E, Employer's Tax Guide (Rev. January 2005) provides the following information to help employers determine if they must make monthly or semiweekly deposits. "Your deposit schedule for a calendar year is determined from the total taxes (not reduced by any advance EIC payments) reported on your Forms 941 (line 11) in a four- quarter lookback period. The lookback period begins July 1 and ends June 30 as shown in Table 1 below. If you reported $50,000 or less of taxes for the lookback period, you are a monthly schedule depositor; if you reported more than $50,000, you are a semiweekly schedule depositor." 2005 Lookback Period 2003 2004 2005 July 1 to October 1 to January 1 to April 1 to Calendar Year September 30 December 31 March 31 June 30 January to December More information about this process is available on the IRS web site at: http://www.irs.gov/businesses/small/article/0..id=98818.00.html. For further instructions on W-2 and W-3 forms and filing, click here. For a copy of the W-2 form, click here (provided for informational purposes only). For a copy of the W-3 form, click here (provided for informational purposes only). For a copy of the W-4 form, click here. For a copy of the Form 941, click here. For more tax information related to businesses, consult the IRS web site at: http://www.irs.gov. Or you may consult the Richmond office of the IRS at 400 N. Eighth Street, Richmond, VA 23240; telephone (804) 916-8700. Keep in mind that tax laws change frequently, and you may wish to consult an accountant, attorney or tax expert. For recommendations on experts, contact the Center for Entrepreneurial Development in Richmond, Virginia, at (804)521-4320. Social Security and Medicare (FICA) The employer and employee share the FICA tax. The employer withholds the employee's share from each paycheck; the employer must then match this amount. The chart below (from IRS Publication 15, Circular E, Employer's Tax Guide) gives the rates for Social Security and Medicare Tax. Calendar Limit Wage Base Limit (each Tax Rate on Taxable Wages employee) and Tips 2004-Social $87,900 12.4% Security 2004-Medicare All Wages 2.9% 2004-Social $87,000 2.9% Security 2003-Medicare All Wages 2.9% file:/ /D: \prinC employees.htm 3/2912006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 8 of 13 2002-Social $84,900 12.4% Security 2002-Medicare All Wages 2.9% Small businesses (reporting $50,000 or less in payroll taxes the prior year) must pay federal income and FICA taxes monthly; large businesses pay these taxes twice weekly. The payments are made with Coupon 8109-B directly to a bank. In addition, these taxes are filed four times a year on Form 941. For a copy of Form 941 (pdf), click here. For a copy of the Employer's Tax Guide (Publication 15) (January 2005 version), click here. This informative gUide contains much information to guide you regarding taxes and your employees. Federal Unemployment Tax (FUTA) Funds from the FUTA and the state unemployment tax provide temporary financial relief to those who become unemployed through no fault of their own. Contrary to popular belief, employees do not contribute to the FUTA: employers are responsible for paying 100% of all unemployment taxes. The FUTA amount is based on an employee's wages. Employers get credit towards the FUTA based on what they pay to Virginia for state unemployment taxes (see state unemployment tax below). Employers file the FUTA annually on Form 940. It must be paid at least by January 31 of the following year or quarterly on Coupon 8109 if a higher payroll requires it. Click here for a copy of the IRS Form 940. Commonwealth of Virginia Requirements Upon starting a business in Virginia, it is necessary to register your business with the Department of Taxation using form R-1. This form can also be accessed on line through the Virginia Department of Taxation web site at http://www.tax.virginia.gov/. With regard to taxes and tax forms, it is important to note that the forms included with this CD are current as of 2005. Because tax forms do change, you may wish to consult the Virginia Department of Taxation's web site for changes to any of these forms. The Commonwealth of Virginia requires businesses to be responsible for five different types of monetary requirements: Income Tax Unemployment Tax Retail Sales Tax Workers' Compensation Insurance Miscellaneous Taxes Income Tax Employers must withhold a portion of their employee(s)' income for Virginia's income file:/ /D: \princ employees.htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 9 of 13 tax. Employers register for this tax with the State of Virginia using Form R-1. If your withholding liability for the month is less than $100, your withholding tax payments are due quarterly. If your withholding liability for the month is $100, but less than $1,000, your withholding payments are due monthly. If your withholding liability for the month is $1000 or more, your withholding tax payments are due semiweekly. The specific forms you will use (Forms VA-5, VA-6, VA-15, and VA-16) will vary based on your withholding liability. To gain more information, please consult the Virginia Department of Taxation's web site for information on withholding taxes: http://www.tax.virginia.gov. If you do not have access to the Internet, you may also consult the Virginia Department of Taxation's Customer Service by phone at: (804) 367- 8031. Copies of forms are available here: Form R-1 Form VA-5 Form VA-6 Form VA-15 Form VA-16 Unemployment Tax As noted above, the main purpose of the unemployment tax is to provide temporary financial relief to individuals unemployed through no fault of their own. Employer's contributions to Virginia's unemployment fund are normally based on wages they have paid, the amount they have contributed to the unemployment fund, and the amount of compensation that their laid off employees have received from the unemployment fund. Employers pay both a state and federal unemployment tax, as noted above; the state tax paid by employers may be credited against the federal tax. If you answer yes to any of the following questions, you must pay the unemployment tax: · Do you employ one or more employees (or 10 agricultural employees) during twenty weeks or more of the calendar year? . Do you have $1500 or more in your quarterly payroll? · Have you acquired a business subject to the unemployment tax? . Are you subject to the FUTA? · Are you a governmental operation or political subdivision? The unemployment tax is paid via the Virginia Employment Commission (VEC), rather than the Virginia Department of Taxation. Payment is due quarterly to: Virginia Employment Commission, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond, Virginia 23218. For more information, consult the VEC web site: http://www.vec.state.va.us/index.cfm. If you do not have Internet access, you may reach your local VEC office by phone. There are VEC field offices located throughout the state of Virginia. For the location closest to you, consult your local phone book. Retail Sales Tax Businesses in Virginia must pay a sales tax to the state on gross receipts from retail file:/ /D: \print_ employees. htm 10QnOOfi An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 10 of 13 sales. The tax is noted to consumers and is added to the regular price of purchased goods. Currently the sales tax rate is 4.5% (3.5% is state tax, and 1% is local tax). The Virginia Department of Taxation defines retail sales as "sales to a customer or to any person for any purpose other than for resale." The tax may also apply to the lease of personal property and the renting of accommodations. Some food may be taxed at a lower rate. As of July 1, 1998, nonprescription drugs and certain medicines were exempted from state sales tax. To view the tax table for sales in Virginia, click here. As noted above, you must register your business with the Virginia Department of Taxation using form R-1. Businesses subject to the sales tax must also submit a monthly sales tax report on form ST-9, with payment, by the 20th of the following month, regardless of whether they had taxable sales that month. The form and payment should be mailed to: Virginia Department of Taxation, P.O. Box26626,Richmond,VA 23261-6626. Some businesses may be able to switch from monthly to quarterly payment of this tax. If you would like to switch, please contact the Virginia Department of Taxation. For a copy of the form ST-9, click here. You may also contact Customer Service at (804) 367-8031 for a copy of the form to be mailed to you. For more information on the Virginia Sales Tax, consult the relevant section of the Virginia Department of Taxation's web site: http://www.tax.virginia.gov. You may also contact Customer Service at (804)367-8031. Workers' Compensation Insurance Workers' Compensation is not a tax, but a type of insurance that most employers in Virginia must have. This insurance provides compensation and medical benefits to an employee or his or her dependents if the employee becomes disabled or dies from an accidental injury or disease acquired due to employment. Any employer with three or more regular employees is required to provide worker's compensation insurance. The employee pays no portion of this insurance. There are four methods of obtaining insurance: 1. Purchase and maintain a workers' compensation policy from a company licensed in Virginia; 2. Apply to the Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission for approval as an independent self-insurer; 3. Become a member of a group self-insurance association licensed by the Virginia State Corporation Commission; or 4. Enter into an agreement with a professional employer organization as provided in Section 65.2-801.AA of the Code of Virginia. * (Source: Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission web site.) For more information on Workers' Compensation Insurance, consult the Workers' Compensation Commission web site at: http://www.vwc.state.va.us/. Or contact the Commission by phone at (703) 518-8055. Miscellaneous Taxes file:/ /D: \print_ employees .htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 11 of 13 In addition to the requirements listed above, certain businesses are required to pay additional, miscellaneous taxes, such as the "Litter Tax" and the "Tobacco Tax." To find out if your business is responsible for paying a miscellaneous tax, consult the Virginia Department of Taxation's web site for business tax information: http://www.tax.virginia.gov. Or contact them by phone at (804)367-8031. Local Requirements For information on any Virginia Beach requirements related to employment, please contact the Virginia Beach Department of Economic Development. For information on local taxes, please click here. *Employers should be aware of the difference between independent contractors and employees. Classifying an individual as an independent contractor can make a big difference in terms of federal, state and local requirements; and federal, state and local taxes. According to the IRS, the following factors indicate someone is an independent contractor: 1. The worker hires, supervises and pays her assistants; 2. The worker is free to work when and for whom she wants; 3. The work is done on the worker's premises; 4. The worker is paid by the job or on straight commission; 5. The worker has the risk of profit or loss; 6. The worker does work for several businesses at one time; 7. The worker's services are available to the general public; and 8. The worker can't be fired except for breach of contract. (Source: IRS) For more information, consult your local IRS field office. Helpful links Related to Managing Employees (return to top) Links related to employees: Entrepreneur.com (Information on Employees) Links Related to Worker's Compensation: http://www.vwc.state.va.us/index.htm The VA Workers' Compensation Commission http://www.dol.gov/esa/owcp_org.htm DOL info on workers' compensation http://www.vwc.state.va.us/employers_guide.htm The VA Workers' Compensation Commission (info for employers) http://www.vwc.state.va.us/act.htm file:/ /0: \prine employees .htm 3/29/200() An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Overview of the Workers' Compensation Commission http://lawyers. find law .com/lawyer/servlet/PCityFirm?state= V A&practice= FL50 West Legal Directory (find a workers compensation lawyer in Virginia) http://attorneypages.com/535V A/index. htm Attorney Pages.com: find a workers compensation lawyer in VA http://info. insure.com/business/workerscom p/lawtool.cfm Insure.com : Workers comp insurance laws in VA http://www.dhrm.state.va.us/WorkersComp/riskcontrol.htm Training related to workers comp http://trs. virginia.gov/drm/drm.asp VA Division of Risk Management http://www.state.va.us/scc/news/commins.htm SCC article regarding insurance coverage for small businesses Links Related to Unemployment Compensation: http://www . vec. virginia.gov/vecportal/faq.cfm Virginia Employment Commission, Unemployment Insurance FAQ http://www.law.comell.edu/topics/unemploymenccompensation.html Description of unemployment compensation . Links Related to Federal Employment Laws http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/qanda.html Federal laws prohibiting discrimination in employment http://www.dol.gov/elaws/ Employment laws for workers and small business owners (Dept. of Labor) Conclusion: Managing Your Employees To help keep track of your decisions about employees and requirements related to employees, you may click here to access an "Employee Management Form." Return to top Go to next section: Assistance -F;l",./ITl'\nr;nt pmnlnvpp." htm Page 12 of 13 3/2912006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 13 of 13 .c~1 ~ ./IT'\.\..........;.....+ ca.m1"'\ln"PP~ htm 3/29/2006 Page 1 of 1 . 1!l'rainia Beach 55 J11 v 0 900Z/6Z/f lUll{' dJ UBl S ~SSp' -l upd\: all: dE] Ul?ld ssau!sng 'aaJLU. da~s : uOipas ~xau o~ 0:) do.L o~ UJn~aCl ....................................... . 1917El \;f^ 'Lpl?ag l?!u!6J!^ 0001 a~!ns anUaA\;f >jJl?d leJwaJ III ssaJpP" wo:n.j::>eaqe!U!6J!ASaA/ /: d~~lj a~!s qaM Wo::>o A06qA@Aap::>a l!eW3 17686-6617-LSL :Xl?.:::l (a::>!.:I.:Io) 179179-S8E-LSL :sJaqwnu Jalj~O 6S179-S8E-LSL :JaqwnN paJ!a xe::l/aUOLld ~uawdOlaAaa ::>!WOUO::>3 .:10 ~uaw~Jedaa ljJl?ag e!u!6J!^ Jo~eu!pJooJ aJueWJo.:lJad pue ^6a~eJ~S 's!lnoul?ds-paJq~!ljM e!lj~u^J :pe~uo:> Juawdo/aAaa :J!WOUO::J3 JO JuawJ.Jedaa I./::Jeag e!u!6.J!/\ JO AJ!:J a:>u e~slss" ssau!sng e 6UneJado :OM~ da:as I JO I d1lBd l{JBdg B~U~1l1~A u~ sSdu~sng B 1lU!llBlS Ol dp~nD dA~PBldlUUIV An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Step Three: Business Plan Introduction: A Recipe for uccess Do you want your business to succeed? Page 1 of 3 Studies show that small business owners who complete a business plan before starting their businesses are much more likely to succeed than small business owners who do not. How does a business plan help small business owners succeed? 1) It helps you by providing direction for your business. It answers the following questions: · What kind-of business are you starting? . What are your goals? · How will you reach your goals? . Who are your customers? . Who is the competition? · Where should you locate your business? . How will you finance your business? · How will people find out about your business? 2) It helps you by providing information to other people who could help you succeed, such as investors, banks, potential partners, and future employees. Preparing a Business Plan takes time and effort, but, in the long run, it will save you time and effort. It will help you find out: 1) Can your business make money? 2) Do you have the time, energy and resources to make your business work? 3) How quickly will your business grow and how much will the growth cost? 4) What are the benchmarks that will show how your business' planned growth compares to its actual growth? If you deCide the business can succeed and you can make it work, the Business Plan will serve as your gUide throughout the entire start-up process and as a reference for the entire life of your venture. Its importance cannot be overemphasized. The Business Plan Cycle Budget Projedions ,/~ ./--,~ , / M~~j?' Changes as required by the Business Plan Take Action to Implement the Business The business plan is a continuous process, not a document that is done once and then put away on a shelf. It should be updated every quarter, or at the minimum annually, to compare the actual figures that have transpired with the projections that were initially included in the plan. Comparing your budget with what has actually happened will help keep a Evaluate the Results file://D:\print stepthree.htm '} 10() 10r\r\L An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 2 of 3 . company "on track" and prevent future surprises. This CD is designed to make the process of preparing a Business Plan easier. If you have completed the research in "Step 1: Getting Started," you have already done some of the homework necessary for the Business Plan. If you really want to be in business for yourself, if you are willing to invest the time and effort required to be successful, if you want to have a map to follow on the exciting road of entrepreneurship, continue reading. Elements of the Business Plan (Return to Top) The Business Plan consists of: 1) Cover Page The cover page consists of your name, address, phone number, e-mail address, and web site. 2) Table of Contents 3) Executive Summary The Executive Summary contains a summary of the other sections of the Business Plan. It is the most important section, as it is the first (and sometimes only) part of the Plan that some interested parties may read. You will prepare this section last, after completing the other parts of the Business Plan. 4) Background Information This section includes: a) Your personal background and qualifications to run the business; b) A mission statement for your business; c) Background information on the type of industry into which your business fits, and its place within that industry; and d) Your business' goals and objectives. 5) Description of Products and/or Services This section includes a description of the product(s) and/or service(s) you are selling. The description should include the price of each product or service, and the cost to your business to produce each product or service. 6) Organizational Matters This section tells how your business will be managed and organized. Questions answered will include: Is the business a sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation or limited liability company? Who will manage the business? Will the business have employees? Who will be its advisors? 7) Marketing Plan The Marketing Plan includes information on your customers and competitors. Based on this information, you will decide where to locate your business and how to promote its product or service. 8) Financial Plan The Financial Plan will provide information about your resources for running the business file://D:\print steothree.htm An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 3 of 3 and your projections for profits. It is the longest and, many would claim, the most important part of the Business Plan. Based on the Financial Plan, you should be able to determine if your business will be profitable, and hence, if it will be worth your effort to start it. 9) Conclusion (optional) The Conclusion presents a summary of why your business will be successful, using data gained in the other sections to support your claim. It may also present how much money is required for the business, where the money will come from and where it will be used. 10) Appendix (optional) The Appendix contains any supporting materials, such as your personal resume or a record of any relevant training or education. If you would like to view a sample business plan first, please select one: Bubba's Bagels Sorrel's Horse Farm Ready to Get Started? Click the "Ready to Get Started" link above and the CD will walk you through the creation of each of these sections. Retu rn to top file:/ /D: \prinCstepthree.htm I"lJI"'\r\./I""\^^/ An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 1 of 2 Step Three: Business Plan Create Your usiness Plan Ready to get started on your business plan? The Table of Contents listed below contains all of the sections that your business plan will need. Click on each link below and, when the page opens, follow the instructions at the top. You will have options to save, erase and print each section. If you would like to view a sample business plan before getting started, you may choose from one of two provided on this CD: Bubba's Bagels Sorrel's Horse Farm ............................... Important Notices: If this is the first time using this software on this computer and you have not yet taken all of the steps that were included at the beginning of this CD, please click here and follow the simple instructions before using to ensure that this software will work efficiently on your computer. ............................... The software on this CD is subject to changes that may occur whenever Microsoft or other companies upgrade internal system operations through security upgrades, patches, and other changes to the way the system operates. If you experience problems with the operation of this CD, check for an upgrade patch at the Community College Workforce Alliance web site: http://www.ccwa.vccs.edu/sbCD.cfm. ............................... The business plan software included on this CD will run best if you use Internet Explorer 6.0 (or later) as your browser. It will not operate if the browser in use is Mozilla/Firefox, Netscape or Macintosh OS. ............................... Additional Note on Printing: If you would like the pages of the business plan to print without unnecessary headers or footers, please take the following steps before proceeding. Go to "File" on your browser menu. Select "Page Setup." Underneath the section titled "Headers and Footers," delete anything in the field next to "Headers" and also delete anything in the field next to "Footers." These two fields should be blank. Click "Ok." You are ready to print! file://D:\print bizplantoc.htm '2 n () 10 ()()L An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 2 of 2 Business Plan Table of Contents Step One: Cover Sheet Step Two: Background Information Step Three: Description of Product(s) and/or Service(s) Step Four: Organizational Matters Step Five: The Marketing Plan Step Six: Competitive Analysis Step Seven: The Financial Plan Step Eight: Conclusion Step Nine: Executive Summary Step Ten: Appendix Print Your Business Plan Return to Step Three: Business Plan Return Home Retu rn to top ............................................. Return to top filt~./!J).\nrint hi7nl:mtor htm '2/00 J')Of"\t:.. An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 1 of 1 - About Virginia Beach: Local Information The Word on the Beach USA Weekend Magazine named Virginia Beach as the Best Place to Live in the Nation in 2003. . In its 6th Annual "America's 50 Hottest Cities" publication, Expansion Management Magazine ranked Virginia Beach as the 11th best city in the nation for companies looking to expand or relocate in 2004. . In 2004 the National Policy Research Council named Virginia Beach as the Most Livable Large City for Women. . Virginia Beach was ranked 4th in the list of best city governments by the National Policy Research Council in 2004. . According to the 2004 Digital Cities Survey, Virginia Beach has the most technologically advanced government in America, among cities with a population of 250,000 or more. . Virginia Beach has the highest bond ratings for cities in Hampton Roads and is among the highest in the state. . Virginia Beach has the lowest crime rate in the US among big cities according to the 2003 FBI's crime report. . Ladies Home Journal ranked Virginia Beach as the #1 city in the nation in its 2002 list of "America's Ten Best Cities." . Among the 50 largest cities in the nation, Virginia Beach has the 9th lowest spending per thousand residents, according to "Measures of Efficiency and Fiscal Performance," City of Virginia Beach Department of Management Services 2004. . Virginia Beach was rated one of the five Best Managed Cities in the Nation in a 2000 Syracuse University / Governing Magazine research study. . In 2003, Inside Business judged Virginia Beach one of the 25 Best Places to Work in Hampton Roads. . According to a 2004 Men's Fitness Magazine study, Virginia Beach is the 3rd fittest city in the country. . Virginia Beach is the 8th most efficiently run large city in the nation according to the Reason Public Policy Institute in 2001. . A Census Bureau's American Community Survey found that Virginia Beach has the 4th Highest City Median Household Income among the nations 68 largest cities in 2004. . Virginia Beach received the Healthy Community Award from the American Parks and Recreation Society. file:I/D:\nrint l()~~linfohtm 1lJQnnnf\ An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 1 of 2 - About Virginia Beach: Local Information Business Advantages Virginia Beach.... . Has a strategic Mid-Atlantic coast location . Is located within 750 miles of 60% of U.S. Market . Is known for its "business friendly" environment · Offers a wide variety of programs, services and incentives which reduce the costs of relocating and expanding a facility within the city · Can streamline the construction process by "Fast-Tracking" the permitting and approval processes · Partners effectively with regional and state economic development organizations and agencies to provide business incentives · Offers competitively priced land and buildings providing a multitude of options for business start-up, expansion and relocation · Has a redundant telecommunication infrastructure which provides an additional cost advantage over other areas · Offers a civilian labor force of 200,000; with 700,000 in the MSA · Features unique labor components, including military personnel and their spouses, seasonal and part-time workers, and college students, to augment the traditional workforce. · Has a labor pool with a strong work ethic and low absenteeism and turnover rates · MSA was named by Money Magazine as the "Best Place to Live" among large cities in the south · MSA was ranked thirteenth in the Top 20 "Best Big Cities for Small Business" by Entrepreneur Magazine . Offers a low cost of living and doing business · Has a climate tempered by the Gulf Stream off the Atlantic Coast which moderates winter's chill and provides cooling ocean breezes in the summer Virginia.. .. · Has a corporate income tax rate of 6%, which is lower than all surrounding states (except Tennessee, which has the same rate) · Has a corporate income tax rate that has remained the same since 1972 · Has low premiums for unemployment insurance and workers' compensation insurance · Has a 3.5% sales tax that is lower than any surrounding state Advantages for High-Technology and Information Technology & T@I@communications Companies.... · Advertising Age magazine ranks Hampton Roads number 10 in household Internet usage. · Virginia Beach was rated the 41st Most Wired City in the nation in March 1999 by file://D:\orint 10calinf02.htm ':l r'J 0 r'J nn? -'. An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 2 of2 Yahoo! Internet Life magazine. · Hampton Roads' 11 institutions of higher learning help keep the workforce on the cutting edge by offering undergraduate and advanced degrees in electrical, electronic and communications engineering, computer and information science, and business technology. · Hampton Roads has some 39,000 engineers, scientists and technicians among its population of 1.5 million. · Hampton Roads is home to the U. S. Navy's Atlantic Fleet, in addition to several Army, Air Force, Marine and Coast Guard bases. Many highly trained and skilled military members remain in Hampton Roads and add their special talents to our civilian workforce when their tour of duty ends or they retire. · Virginia, with more than 4,700 high technology companies in the state, has gained the title "Silicon Dominion." · Virginia Beach is home to over 100 high tech companies-a majority dedicated to communications, computers and information technology systems. · The Hampton Roads Technology Council, an affiliation of regional technology firms which focuses on accelerating and expanding high-tech business and opportunity in Hampton Roads. file:/ /D: \print_localinf02 .htm 1nQnnnfl An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 1 of 4 ... - About Virginia Beach: Local Information Business Development I Project Information I Available Sites & Buildings I Property Search I Project Information Fast Track Construction Program (posted 6/2/2005) Virginia Beach initiated its unique Fast-Track Construction Program in 1994 after completing a strategic planning process which included in-depth discussions with developers, contractors, architects, engineers, and city staff. The program has significant advantages for companies desiring to relocate or expand in Virginia Beach and is still rare in the world of economic development. · Fast-tracking streamlines permitting and construction so that custom buildings can be built, occupied and operational in as little as six months. This is at least 50% less time than the typical non-fast-track construction time of 12-18 months or more. · The Fast-Track Construction Program is customer service and teamwork oriented program adopted and supported by the mayor and city council. · The city's pro-business attitude is reflected in the priority given to all fast-track projects, whether they are built on city or privately owned sites. Various sites from one- to 1,000 acres with access to city services are available for fast-track projects. · The relocating/expanding company interviews and selects its construction team, including the architect, engineers and contractor. The City of Virginia Beach maintains up-to-date lists of regional professionals as a service-not for marketing purposes-for companies planning fast-track projects. · Fast-track projects are phased; building requirements and priorities, time frame, and financial parameters are established up front. · The Department of Economic Development will assist fast-track companies in locating and setting up temporary facilities during construction so business operations can begin virtually simultaneously with move-in. Example Fast-Track Construction Projects Avis Virginia Beach Processing Center Location: Center POinte Office Park Avis Site: 15 acres Building Size: 167,000 sq. ft. Employees: Capacity for 1,100 GEICO Regional Service Center Location: Corporate Landing Business Park GEICO Site: 30 acres Building Size: 250,000 sq. ft. Employees: Capacity for 2,500 file:/ /D: \princlocalinf03 .htm ,.., I~(\ V\^^/ An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Project Approval Requirements (posted 6/2/2005) Permits Department Contact/ Phone Fee Approx. Time Number Frame Site Plan Planning/Development Team Review $1130 + 4 Weeks Review Services Center 757-426-5790 $85/acre Land Planning/Development Team Review *$25 Permit Fee Incoporated as Disturbing part fo site plan Permit Services Center 757-426-5790 Requires Bond review Per DFU, $66 Customer Service Drains Public Utilities Customer Debbie water ($13 sewer open 8:30- Fixtu re Service Hollingsworth for renovations 5:00pm, DFU's Units 757-427-4867 and additions) purchased immediately Right-of- Planning/Development Team Review *$25 Permit Fee Incoporated as part fo site plan Way Permit Services Center 757-426-5790 Requires Bond review Building Planning/Permits & Doug Smith $100 (part of 3-4 weeks Plan Review Inspections 757-427-4211 permit fee) 24 hours to Plumbing Planning/Permits & Amy Meador $25 plus $6 per receive permit 24 hours to Permit Inspections 757-427-4211 plumbing fixture schedule inspection 24 hours to Electric Planning/Permits & Carla Andrews $25 plus $20 per receive permit 50 amps (Single 24 hours to Permit Inspections 757-427-4211 Service price) schedule inspection $25 first $1000 24 hours to receive permit Mechanical Planning/Permits & Andrea Robinson in value plus $5 24 hours to Permit Inspections 757-427-4211 per additional schedule $1000 inspection 24 hours to Kevin Based on sign receive permit Sign Permit Planning/Zoning Hershberger size-$368 24 hours to 757 -427 -8074 maximum schedule inspection 24 hours to Building Planning/Permits & Doug Smith $25 plus $8 per receive permit 24 hours to Permit Inspections 757-427-4211 100 sq. ft. schedule inspection Certificate $25 New of Planning/Permits & Jeanette Mathis Construction $50 24 hours Occupancy Inspections 757-427-4211 Existing Structures * Fee does not include inspections, separate inspection fees will be charged based on proposed work. ** All time estimates based upon complete plans submitted by each Engineering Firm, workload and customer needs ................................. Available Sites and Buildings (return to top) Virginia Beach offers a rare blend of successfully developed business sites and open land available for a multitude of uses. Currently, the city has seven major business corridors containing more than 27 million file://D:\orint 10calinf03.htm Page 2 of 4 '2/0... V'......L An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 3 of 4 square feet of enclosed space. The highest concentration is in light industrial, with 12 million square feet of office space, followed by commercial and retail development of 9 million square feet. Office development occupies another 6 million square feet of developed space. Norfolk/Virginia Beach International Airport (Industrial Park) This section of Virginia Beach's business district encompasses more than 4 million square feet of light industrial and office space within the 250-acre Airport Industrial Park, located adjacent to the Norfolk/Virginia Beach International Airport. Currently, the area houses numerous national and international manufacturing, warehousing and distribution centers, with another 25 acres available for development. Regional Urban Commerce Center The city's second largest commerce district is located at the Newtown / Witchduck / Virginia Beach Boulevard convergence off of Interstate 264. This area contains 6 million square feet of low and mid-rise offices, light industrial and commercial & retail space. Another 40 acres are available for development. Retail Mixed Use Center (Oceana West / Lynnhaven Mall area) Several domestic and foreign firms occupy 1500 acres of of Lynnhaven Parkway near the Interstate 264 interchange, including Lynnhaven Mall, the city's largest enclosed retail shopping center. The area is also home to several upscale office and commercial complexes. Currently 225 acres are availabel for development. Retail Center (Hilltop Area) Hampton Roads' highest per capita retail sales takes place in the city's trendy First Colonial business corridor, home to numerous upscale establishments, including jewelry and fine fashion retailers. Visitor / Cultural Center Virginia Beach is one of the country's top tourism destinations, attracting millions of visitors and contributing more than $500 million to the city's economy anually. Visitors can enjoy beach views while attending business conferences in any of the city's 30 conference hotels. The Oceanfront area also contains over 1.5 million square feet of retail shops along Atlantic and Pacific avenues, and more than 250,000 square feet of office space. Campus Employment Center (Corporate Landing Area) Located south and west of Oceana Naval Air Station, along General Booth Boulevard, Dam Neck Road, Princess Anne Road and the proposed alignment of the new Southeastern Expressway. ......................................... Property Search (return to top) I New Industrial Building Search I Office Building Search I Site Search (The links above will take you to the relevant pages on the Internet.) ......................................... file:/ /0: \print_localinf03 .htm "'1"'\1\ 'I"'\AA," An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 4 of 4 file:/ /D: \print_localinf03 .htm '2/00/00r\L An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 1 of 2 - About Virginia Beach: Local Information Economic Opportunities Technology Zones The City of Virginia Beach has a Technology Zone Ordinance that will allow for the designation of a Technology Zone. A qualified technology business, as defined in the ordinance must meet the following criteria: (a) provide a minimum capital investment of $20,000,000 in personal and/or improved real estate(exclusive of raw land cost) or provide for the creation of 300 new full time employees; and (b) must pay its employees average salaries, including benefits, of at least $50,000 annually. A qualified technology business will be entitled to a rebate of a percentage of the business, professional and occupational taxes over a five-year period. Additional incentives include the reimbursement of building code fees, subdivision and site plan review fees, as well as water and sewage connection fees. .......................................... Available Labor The Hampton Roads (cities of Virginia Beach, Norfolk, Chesapeake, Portsmouth, Suffolk and County of Isle of Wight.) labor force consists of both civilian and military personnel and is diverse in backgrounds and experiences. The labor force is abundant as a resource for business and industry and is evaluated by employers to be reliable and energetic. Employees in the Virginia Beach area have a reputation for low absenteeism and turnover rates, outstanding work ethics and military influenced work discipline. In terms of major occupations, the Hampton Roads labor force exhibits a well-balanced and healthy distribution of managerial, professional, technical, blue collar and clerical support personnel in a wide variety of business and industry. The above chart highlights the excellent Occupational Mix in 2005 in Hampton Roads. The Unemployment rate for our region is 3.5% (more information can be found at http://velma.virtuallmi.com). However, Virginia Beach is fortunate to have the following "special components" of available high quality of labor that are not reflected in the unemployment rate: Active Duty Personnel that leave the military on an annual basis and remain in the area number 12,000 and bring disciplined production, technical, managerial, computer and electronic skills to the labor force. Military spouses in the area number 40,000 to 50,000 and a majority have two years of college and administrative, secretarial, customer file:/ /D: \print_localinf04 .htm "/~r\ 11"'\^^r An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach service, bookkeeping and computer skills. Many work full and part-time to supplement family incomes. Students in the area colleges number almost 80,000, and also seek full-time, part-time and seasonal employment during college. Upon graduation, they also provide a good supply of qualified workers. Commuters crossing into Virginia from North Carolina on a daily basis number 13,500 and bring additional skills to the labor force. filp'/If)'\nrint lor~linfo4 htm Page 2 of 2 1J')QJ')()()(; An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 1 of 5 About Virginia Beach: Local Information All About Virginia Beach Background Information Located in the southeastern corner where Virginia meets the sea, Virginia Beach is part of the Hampton Roads Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) that includes the cities of Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach and Williamsburg and the counties of Gloucester, James City, Mathews, Isle of Wight, York and the North Carolina county of Currituck. This is the 31st largest metropolitan market in the U.S., with a population of more than 1.5 million people. History The first settlers to America landed in Virginia Beach in 1607, erected a cross, and named the spot Cape Henry. First settlement inside the city limits of Virginia Beach was made on Lynnhaven Bay in 1621; but, the area that is now Virginia Beach remained thinly settled for well over a century. In the 1880's, the resort was developed along the beach, and by the turn of the century, the city was very popular. In 1906, it became a town; the rest of the area remained undeveloped. During World War II, the Navy built Oceana Naval Air Station in what is now the middle of Virginia Beach. In 1963 the resort town of Virginia Beach merged with Princess Anne county to form the modern city. Virginia Beach is now the most populous City in Virginia. Virginia Beach is part of the Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News VA-NC Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). If you would like to learn more about the history of Virginia Beach, please visit the Virginia Beach Web Site's more extensive section on Virginia Beach history. Size Virginia Beach has 310 square miles with 38 miles of ocean and bay front beaches. The city is situated an average of 12 feet above sea level. Population Virginia Beach is the fastest growing city on the East Coast and the largest city in the state with nearly half a million residents. It is expected to surpass 525,000 by the year 2020. Government As the first recipient of the American Society of Public Administration (ASPA) National Innovation Recognition Award, Virginia Beach was cited for excellence and innovation in organizational development, strategic planning, quality initiatives and process improvements. The award recognizes Virginia Beach for successfully changing its organization to improve local government, be more competitive and more citizen and customer focused. file:/ID:\nrint 10calinf05.htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 2 of 5 ... The Economy The Virginia Beach economy is comprised of a diverse range of activities. In 1997, contributions to the economic welfare of the city included the following: . With 156 farms and approximately 32,700 acres of land under cultivation, agribusiness contributes more than $55 million to the city's overall economy. . The construction and real estate industry adds over $422 million. . Convention and trade shows produce $70.6 million in gross revenue. . Virginia Beach is home to four military bases with a combined annual payroll of $913 million for 32,000 armed services and civilian workers. . The city's popularity as a tourism destination brought 2.5 million visitors, who spent over a half billion dollars here. . More than 7,750 retail and wholesale businesses in the city generated $3.2 billion in taxable sales. Business Distribution Virginia Beach has five major concentrations of office, industrial and commercial property which are situated along a corridor that runs the length of the city-closely paralleling Interstate 264-from adjacent the Norfolk/Virginia Beach International Airport to the Atlantic Ocean. Other smaller nodes of office and commercial activity are located throughout the city. Available acreage, plus existing industrial, warehouse and office space, offer a variety of options for business start-up, expansion and relocation. Workforce The Hampton Roads labor force consists of both civilian and military personnel and is diverse in background and experience. The labor force is abundant and is evaluated by employers to be productive, reliable and energetic. Employees in Virginia Beach have a reputation for very low absenteeism and turnover rates, outstanding work ethics and military influenced work discipline. The Hampton Roads labor force exhibits a well- balanced and healthy distribution of managerial, professional, technical, blue collar and clerical support personnel in a wide variety of business and industry. Communications &. Utilities Excellent communications and utility infrastructures serve Virginia Beach. Businesses and the community benefit from the region's three fiber-optic rings. Verizon provides local telephone services in the city. The area is also served by a daily and weekly newspapers, eight local television stations, 44 radio stations, and cable television. The city has a comprehensive utility structure including water, electricity, natural gas, sewage, and solid waste. Transportation Hampton Roads has a comprehensive and efficient transportation network with a strategic geographic position to provide a strong link between national and international markets. The Virginia Beach area's mid-Atlantic location puts business within a 750 mile radius of two-thirds of the U.S. population and business. Hampton Roads offers a unique and integrated transportation system. . Virginia Beach is located at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay and alongside the Port of Hampton Roads, one of the finest natural harbors in the world. Each year, f;]p.//f)'\nr;nt lor~linfo'i htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 3 of 5 over 63 million tons of cargo move through Virginia's ports. . Rail service via Norfolk Southern, CSX and other smaller rail lines reach out from Virginia to serve every major industrial center. . Minutes away, Norfolk International Airport serves business and industry alike with over 200 daily flights on seven major and seven commuter airlines. . A network of interstate highways and enlarged state highways provide corridors to transit Hampton Roads and reach nearby major north-south routes I-95 and I-85. Beach Lifestyle Residents are drawn to Virginia Beach for a variety of reasons including an outstanding water-oriented high quality of life and an ideal location with 38 miles of shoreline on the Atlantic Ocean and the Chesapeake Bay, 28 miles of public beaches, 79 miles of scenic waterways and 60 miles of biking trails. Virginia Beach is known as one of the largest resort cities in the country with excellent beaches and water sports, tennis, golf, boating and sailing, fresh and salt water fishing, hunting and camping facilities, as well as numerous other recreational activities. . Climate: Virginia Beach's temperate maritime climate is influenced by the nearby Gulf Stream. Mild winters rarely below freezing and summers with great beach weather extend from spring through fall. . Safe City: For the tenth consecutive year, Virginia Beach has had the lowest crime rate in the nation for a city of its size. . Cultural Amenities: Virginia Beach offers many cultural amenities including the symphony, opera, performing arts and museums. More than 200 arts and cultural organizations are located in the city. The Virginia Aquarium in Virginia Beach recently completed a $35 million expansion and is one of the top most attended aquariums in the nation. Preserved 17th, 18th and 19th century homes, churches and shrines can also be toured. Virginia Beach's commitment to the arts is evidenced by the 95,000 square foot Central Library, a 32,000 square foot $7.5 million Contemporary Art Center of Virginia, the 20,000-seat GTE Virginia Beach Amphitheater, and a newly renovated oceanfront resort strip. . Recreation: There are three major state and regional parks and three large national wild life refuges in the city making Virginia Beach a hot ecotourism destination. In addition, the city has 11 public golf courses, 18 marinas with public access, three fishing piers, and the new Virginia Beach Sportsplex. . Medical: The Virginia Beach area enjoys an outstanding reputation as a leader in innovative health and medical care. Hampton Roads has a well- coordinated regional health care system with state-of-the-art equipment and facilities and specialists in every field. . Education: The Virginia Beach Public School System enjoys an excellent reputation throughout the Commonwealth of Virginia and across the country. The MSA also has top notch higher education programs with 11 colleges and universities and two community colleges, including the new Virginia Beach Higher Education Center and the upcoming Advanced Technology Center, as well as the College of William and Mary, Old Dominion University, Norfolk State University, Virginia Wesleyan College, Eastern Virginia Medical School, and Tidewater Community College. filp.JJf)'\nrint lnr::llinfo'; htm 3/29/2006 An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 4 of 5 Infrastructure Transportation Services Highways Major highways serving area: . Interstate 64 and 664 which connect with Interstate 95 & Interstate 85 . U.S. Route 13 (to Eastern Shore) . U.S. Route 58 (Virginia Beach Blvd.) . U.S. Route 60 . Virginia Beach - Norfolk Expressway (Virginia Route 44) Motor Freight Services (MSA) Over 135 motor carriers and 50 common carrier terminals Overnight Package Delivery Federal Express, U.P.s., DHL Worldwide Express, Emery Worldwide, U.S. Mail Express and a number of other couriers serve the area Bus Service . Greyhound - Trailways Bus Lines . Hampton Roads Transit - local service Railroads . Norfolk Southern Railway . Eastern Shore Railroad, Inc. . Connection to CSX Transportation Airport Less than a mile from the Virginia Beach city limits is Norfolk International Airport, a modern facility averaging 194 commercial flight arrivals & departures daily. Major airlines serving the region are American, Continental, Delta, Independence Air, Northwest, Southwest, and USAirways. Commuter service is available through Continental Express, United Express, American Eagle, Comair / Delta, Northwest Airlink, and USAir Express. General aviation service is also provided. Cargo airlines and air freight forwarders have offices in the airport complex. Waterways . Port of Hampton Roads - 25 square miles (65 km) . 60 million tons of cargo - 1995 +: 1~.lln.\~~;"t lrv'Cll;nfr.'\ hIm 3/29/2006 . An Interactive Guide to Starting a Business in Virginia Beach Page 5 of 5 . Channel depth to 50 feet (14 meters) . Foreign freight forwarders - 53 . Ship offices & agents - 52 . Inland Waterway (Maine to Florida) f;la.//n'\n..;....t Irv":.J;....f,,, htm ~nOn(\(\h